"A business strategy guide for explaining how actions turn into profits."

What makes a company competitively superior to another? Which actions lead to greater profits? And why is it important to see the world through a lens of probabilities?

With stories ranging from the marketing research of Andrew Ehrenberg to the pricing power of See's Candies, from the competitive behaviors that drive the GalApagos finches to the rules that ensure low costs at Costco, he introduces the missing piece of the puzzle: the Customer Moat Formula (CMF).

The CMF explains the eight actionable tools that companies can adopt to become more competitive. These tools represent the fundamental forces that underpin all exceptional businesses. As modern framework, the CMF also reveals how these tools impact a company's bottom line. In a highly complex world, this book provides a simple yet powerful compass for guiding businesses toward real-world results.