Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy. These efforts have created a growing demand to find the most effective means to assist in building and strengthening democratic governance under varied conditions.

Since 1990, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported democracy and governance (DG) programs in approximately 120 countries and territories, spending an estimated total of $8.47 billion (in constant 2000 U.S. dollars) between 1990 and 2005. Despite these substantial expenditures, our understanding of the actual impacts of USAID DG assistance on progress toward democracy remains limited-and is the subject of much current debate in the policy and scholarly communities.

This book, by the National Research Council, provides a roadmap to enable USAID and its partners to assess what works and what does not, both retrospectively and in the future through improved monitoring and evaluation methods and rebuilding USAID's internal capacity to build, absorb, and act on improved knowledge.

• Front Matter
• Summary
• 1 Democracy Assistance and USAID
• 2 Evaluation in USAID DG Programs: Current Practices and Problems
• 3 Measuring Democracy
• 4 Learning from the Past: Using Case Studies of Democratic Transitions to Inform Democracy Assistance
• 5 Methodologies of Impact Evaluation
• 6 Implementing Impact Evaluations in the Field
• 7 Additional Impact Evaluation Designs and Essential Tools for Better Project Evaluations
• 8 Creating the Conditions for Conducting High-Quality Evaluations of Democracy Assistance Programs and Enhancing Organizational Learning
• 9 An Evaluation Initiative to Support Learning the Impact of USAID's Democracy and Governance Programs
• Glossary
• Appendixes
• Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
• Appendix B: Committee Meetings and Participants
• Appendix C: Measuring Democracy
• Appendix D: Understanding Democratic Transitions and Consolidation from Case Studies: Lessons for Democracy Assistance
• Appendix E: Field Visit Summary Report
• Appendix F: Voices from the Field: Model Questionnaire