In this volume, John Carlos Rowe offers a new vision of Henry James as a social critic whose later work can now be read as rich with homoerotic suggestiveness. Drawing from recent work in queer and feminist theory, Rowe argues that the most fruitful approach to James tody is one that ignores the elitist portrait of the formalist master in favour of the writer as a vulnerable critic of his own confused and repressive historical moment. Rowe traces a particular development in James's work, showing how in his early writings James criticised women's rights, same-sex relations, and other social and political trends now identified with modern culture; how he ambivalently explored these aspects of modernity in his writings of the 1880s; and, later, how he increasingly identified with such modernity in his heretofore largely ignored or marginally treated fiction of the 1890s. Building on recent scholarship that has shown James to be more anxious about gender roles, more conflicted, and more marginal a figure than previously thought, Rowe argues that James - through his treatment of women, children, and gays - indicts the values and conventions of the bourgeoisie. He shows how James confronts social changes in gender roles, sexual preferences, national affiliations, and racial and ethnic identifications in such important novels as "The American", "The Tragic Muse", "What Maisie Knew", and "In the Cage", and in such neglected short fiction as "The Last of the Valerii", "The Death of the Lion" and "The Middle Years". Positioning James's work within an interpretative context that pits the social and political anxieties of his day against the imperatives of an aesthetic ideology, this work will engage scholars, students, and teachers of American literature and culture, gay literature, and queer theory.