Biological differences between the sexes influence not only individual health but also public health, biomedical research, and health care. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop March 8-9, 2010, to discuss sex differences and their implications for translational neuroscience research, which bridges the gap between scientific discovery and application.

• Front Matter
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Studying Sex Differences in Health and Disease
• 3 Studying Sex Differences in Translational Research: Examples from Four Major Disease Areas
• 4 Reporting Sex Differences in Research Publications
• 5 Sex Differences in Drug Development: Policy and Practice
• 6 Needs, Opportunities, and Next Steps
• Appendix A: References
• Appendix B: Registered Attendees
• Appendix C: Workshop Agenda