The first of the gamopetalous orders, the Ericales, which includes six families, is the most primitive in structure. The flowers have the corolla lobed or pointed, or the petals may be entirely distinct; the ovary is superior except in the Vaccinia ceae; there are two typical staminal whorls, and the carpels equal the petals in number. In the genera Clethra and Pyrola the petals are but slightly, or not at all united, and in Monotropa and Ledum are regularly separate. Of the 81 flowers belonging to these six families 47 are white and 24 are red; while only 1 is yellow, 6 purple, and 3 green.

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